Status of the Stripe-throated Bulbul in Singapore

Another week, another rare bird at Chek Jawa! The Stripe-throated Bulbul Pycnonotus finlaysoni is another bird previously recorded in Singapore, just in April last year in fact. The details were first published online two months ago and last month the Records Committee came to the conclusion that this bird, recorded at Upper Seletar Reservoir, was more likely an escapee than a wild bird. With the recent sighting at Chek Jawa, some key discussion points have changed, so we reconsidered the previous record again alongside our review of the Chek Jawa bird. 

After extensive deliberation our committee reached split decisions on both records, and with no majority of votes in favor of treating either bird as being wild, the species has been placed in Category D. Category D species are not in the Singapore Bird Checklist; they would otherwise appear in Category A, but there is reasonable doubt that the records are of truly wild birds. (The exact vote counts for the Chek Jawa bird were 4 wild, 4 escapee; and for the Upper Seletar bird, 3 wild, 5 escapee.)

There are a considerable number of points to consider in favor of both sides, and we will summarize them below. Ultimately, there are no clear answers, but we aim to use the evidence available to weigh the likelihoods of each scenario. The fact that several committee members did not vote in the same way is a feature of our robust process, and signifies the difficulty in assessing these records. The end result or categorization of a species is also by no means set in stone; rather it is open to change as and when new information becomes available. 

Feather condition

There are no indications that the feather condition is poor or unnatural. However, bulbuls are small birds, kept extensively in captivity – it is not hard to find a bulbul in a pet shop with normal feathers. 

Status in the pet trade

The Stripe-throated Bulbul is a songbird kept extensively in captivity across Southeast Asia (Chng & Eaton, 2016; Limparungpatthanakij, 2022). It is often kept for cross-breeding with Red-whiskered Bulbuls, and records from Bangkok, which is in the middle of the species’s range, are treated as escapees due to their high prevalence in the pet trade. The increasing scarcity of Red-whiskered Bulbuls in the wild due to trapping is also likely contributing to higher trapping pressure on other bulbuls with pleasant songs, including Stripe-throated – leading to more possible sources of escapee Stripe-throated Bulbuls across the region (Limparungpatthanakij, 2022). YouTube searches for this species’s Thai and Malay names reveal hundreds of hits, several ostensibly advertising their video as a means to trap wild Stripe-throated Bulbuls. Several others feature birds in cages, many of which appear to have normal feather condition. While we did mention previously that you can “find and buy nearly anything in a cage these days”, the volume of trade in this species is likely to be extremely high in comparison to the birds we’ve been getting so far (SBP, 2023). What’s important here is that more than simply being ‘present’ in the regional pet trade – which by itself does not really indicate anything – it is quite a popular species as well. Its high presence in captivity elsewhere in the region may indicate popularity locally as well; the regional pet trade is closely intertwined. Anonymous sources have also informed us that this species is locally traded.

Habitat/Location

Chek Jawa is a prime location for visitors to turn up, and the location is an argument against the escapee hypothesis. But we do have surprisingly many records of introduced bulbuls on Pulau Ubin, including Black-crested and Red-whiskered. Either these birds are adept at dispersing from our main island, or they have been kept on Ubin at some point, or there is some kind of hidden influx of wild Black-crested and Red-whiskered Bulbuls from further north. The last possibility is near impossible to verify and best treated as unlikely given these species are also highly traded in captivity, and the first two would unfortunately throw this bird’s origins into question too. 

Having said that, the location is still a point in favor of the case that the bird is wild.

Status in southern Peninsular Malaysia

eBird range map for Stripe-throated Bulbul. Here is a link to the map if it does not load immediately. This simplified map does not do a good job of illustrating how rare this species in Johor (zoom in to view the the full eBird map with hotspot pins for a clearer impression). 

Many of the species which have recently been added to our checklist, or recorded as visitors (see Table 1 below) are indeed quite scarce in Johor. Examples include the Scarlet-breasted Flowerpecker, Black-and-white Bulbul, and White-crowned Hornbill. However, the Stripe-throated Bulbul is markedly rarer than all of them in Johor, even though it is known to tolerate more degraded habitats than those species. All time eBird records for Panti show well over 100 records of Black-and-white Bulbul and Scarlet-breasted Flowerpecker and at least 10 of White-crowned Hornbill, yet only 5 of Stripe-throated Bulbul. Similar results have been observed from Gunung Bekok and Gunung Belumut in Johor. Surveys there found this species to be the second-least frequently encountered bulbul among the 15 species recorded, second only to Scaly-breasted Bulbul which has no confirmed records in Singapore (Peh et al., 2005).

Meanwhile, the Stripe-throated Bulbul is actually quite common in all sorts of habitat from Malacca northwards, so the very abrupt drop in abundance in the south suggests its dispersal outside its core range is infrequent.  This is also in contrast to the other species listed above, which are scarce to rare throughout their range. It would be more straightforward to construct a case for the species’s dispersal if it was more common, or becoming more common, in Johor, where vast areas of suitable habitat are available. At the same time, the deforestation explanation, which we believe is pushing several of these species out of Johor’s forests, does not apply as well here; the species is simply very tolerant of low-quality forest habitats, to the point that it appears to be benefiting from forest degradation across its range (Nor Hashim, 2013; Wells, 2007).

We did note, however, a recent sighting from Gunung Pulai Recreational Forest in Johor, which may indicate the early signs of a southward influx of this species. The good news is that we will probably have good indications that such an influx is occurring, with more observers at birding sites in Johor such as Panti and Lenggor. Our RC decisions are never cast in stone and constantly move with evolving evidence; please post your records on eBird or let us know if you see this species in Johor!

Species Status in Singapore (a) Status in Peninsular Malaysia (b, c, d) Status in pet trade Records
Brown Fish Owl Absent historically Absent in Johor, restricted to N Malaysia Unclear; owls are traded Hindhede (1), Hindhede (2) (both Escapee)
White-crowned Hornbill Recorded in 1987, presumed escapee Rare in primary forest, Johor Unclear; hornbills are traded Chek Jawa (Accepted)
Great Slaty Woodpecker Visitor, possible past resident  Scarce in forest Probably very infrequent Singapore Botanic Gardens (Accepted)
Black-thighed Falconet Former resident Scarce in forest and forest edge Probably infrequent Lorong Halus (Accepted)
Black-and-red Broadbill Former resident Common in forest edge, degraded habitat, mangrove Probably very infrequent Chek Jawa (1), Sungei Buloh, Sensory Trail, Chek Jawa (2) (all Accepted)
Large Woodshrike Former resident Common in forest Probably very infrequent Chek Jawa (Accepted)
Black-and-white Bulbul Absent historically Scarce in forest; highly nomadic Probably infrequent Chek Jawa (Accepted)
Stripe-throated Bulbul Absent historically Very rare in Johor, common north of Malacca Regular Upper Seletar, Chek Jawa (both “Limbo”*)
White-chested Babbler Former resident Common in variety of habitats Probably infrequent Chek Jawa (under review)
Lesser Green Leafbird Scarce resident; recent records on Ubin believed to be visitors Common in forest Fairly regular Chek Jawa (1) (Accepted), Chek Jawa (2) (Accepted)
Scarlet-breasted Flowerpecker Absent historically Scarce in forest Probably very infrequent Chek Jawa (Accepted)

(a) Wang & Hails, 2007; (b) Wells, 1999; (c) Wells, 2007; (d) eBird

* Species with status “Limbo” are provisionally not accepted as wild birds in Category A but are placed in Category D, recognizing the possibility that the bird originated from captivity.

Table 1 Records of Sundaic visitors treated as very rare in our checklist, as well as other possible Sundaic visitors not included in our checklist, Jan 2022–present.

(Cover photo: Stripe-throated Bulbul at Chek Jawa on 9 May 2023. Photo credit: Raymond Siew.)

References

Chng, S. C. L., and J. A. Eaton (2016). Snapshot of an on-going trade: an inventory of birds for sale in Chatuchak weekend market, Bangkok, Thailand. BirdingASIA 25, 24–29. Link

Limparungpatthanakij, W. L. (2022). Stripe-throated Bulbul (Pycnonotus finlaysoni), version 2.0. In Keeney, B. K. & Maleko, P. N. (Eds.), Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. 

Nor Hashim, N. E. (2013). Comparative study of understorey birds inhabiting selected logged and virgin lowland forests. University of Malaya. Link

Peh, K. S.-H., Jong, J. de, Sodhi, N. S., Lim, S. L.-H., & Yap, C. A.-M. (2005). Lowland rainforest avifauna and human disturbance: persistence of primary forest birds in selectively logged forests and mixed-rural habitats of southern Peninsular Malaysia. Biological Conservation, 123(4), 489–505.

Singapore Birds Project. (2023). Singapore’s first wild White-crowned Hornbill. Link

Wang, L. K. & Hails, C. J. (2007). An Annotated Checklist of the Birds of Singapore. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 15(Suppl), 1–179. Link

Wells, D. R. (1999). The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula (Vol. 1). Academic Press, London.

Wells, D. R. (2007). The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula (Vol. 2). Christopher Helm, London.

Monthly Roundup: Apr 2023

Birders were glued to Chek Jawa this April, and with its selection of rarities it’s not hard to see why!

Highlights

  • Singapore’s first ever wild White-crowned Hornbill, at Chek Jawa
  • A different Black-and-red Broadbill to the one encountered last year – this time a ringed bird, also at Chek Jawa
  • Korean-flagged Chinese Egret returning for a second year, again at Chek Jawa
  • Whiskered Tern on Singapore Straits, the first outside of Aug–Feb in 15 years – this species is very scarce here in the spring

All records for Apr 2023 (Show all records)

Chestnut-winged Cuckoo Clamator coromandus (species writeup) Show 2 records

Changi Business Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Ulu Pandan Linear Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Violet Cuckoo Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 01 Oct 2022

eBird

Large Hawk-Cuckoo Hierococcyx sparverioides (species writeup) Show 2 records

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Singapore Botanic Gardens Eco Lake

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Hodgson’s Hawk-Cuckoo Hierococcyx nisicolor (species writeup) Show 1 record

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Jambu Fruit Dove Ptilinopus jambu (species writeup) Show 1 record

Hindhede Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus (species writeup) Show 2 records

Marina East Drive

Highest count: 5 individuals

First recorded 17 Dec 2022

RC decision: Accepted

eBird

Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 26 Jan 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird

Watercock Gallicrex cinerea (species writeup) Show 2 records

Marina East (Gardens by the Bay: Bay East / Marina Barrage)

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 27 Mar 2023

eBird

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator (species writeup) Show 2 records

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 13 Oct 2022

eBird
(not a complete list)

Changi Bay Point

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres (species writeup) Show 1 record

Loyang Rock

Highest count: 10 individuals

Earlier record on 19 Mar 2023

eBird
(not a complete list)

Bridled Tern Onychoprion anaethetus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Singapore Strait

Highest count: 2 individuals

eBird

Black-naped Tern Sterna sumatrana (species writeup) Show 2 records

Pulau Ubin/Pasir Ris/Changi

Highest count: 20 individuals

eBird
(not a complete list)

Singapore Strait

Highest count: 10 individuals

eBird

Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida (species writeup) Show 1 record

Singapore Strait

Highest count: 2 individuals

eBird

Whiskered Tern on Singapore Straits on 29 Apr 2023. Photo credit: Yip Jen Wei

White-winged Tern Chlidonias leucopterus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Singapore Strait

Highest count: 40 individuals

eBird

Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 01 Oct 2022

eBird

Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster (species writeup) Show 3 records

Pulau Ubin

Highest count: 6 individuals

Earlier record on 28 Jan 2023

eBird
(not a complete list)

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Hindhede Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Von Schrenck’s Bittern Ixobrychus eurhythmus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 20 Mar 2023

eBird

Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 27 Mar 2023

eBird
(not a complete list)

Malayan Night Heron Gorsachius melanolophus (species writeup) Show 1 record

National University Singapore

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 23 Mar 2023

eBird

Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii (species writeup) Show 4 records

Holland Plain

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 22 Mar 2023

eBird

Dover Road (former Transview Golf Course)

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 31 Mar 2023

eBird
(not a complete list)

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Lorong Halus

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 19 Apr 2023

RC decision: Accepted

Indian Pond Heron at Lorong Halus on 19 Apr 2023. Photo credit: Jeffrey Ong

Chinese Egret Egretta eulophotes (species writeup) Show 1 record

Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 2 individuals

First recorded 01 Apr 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

Chinese Egret at Chek Jawa Wetlands on 01 Apr 2023. Photo credit: Adrian Silas Tay

Jerdon’s Baza Aviceda jerdoni (species writeup) Show 1 record

Mount Faber Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Previous late date was on 30 Mar 2022

eBird

Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela (species writeup) Show 2 records

Admiralty Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird
(not a complete list)

Northern Boobook Ninox japonica (species writeup) Show 1 record

Airline Road

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 14 Apr 2023

RC decision: Accepted

White-crowned Hornbill Berenicornis comatus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 16 Apr 2023

RC decision: Accepted

SBP (subrecords)

eBird
(not a complete list)

White-crowned Hornbill at Pulau Ubin on 22 Apr 2023. Photo credit: Adrian Silas Tay

Ruddy Kingfisher Halcyon coromanda (species writeup) Show 1 record

Admiralty Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird
(not a complete list)

Blue-eared Kingfisher Alcedo meninting (species writeup) Show 7 records

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 01 Oct 2022

eBird

Windsor Nature Park including Venus Drive and Venus Loop

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 09 Oct 2022

eBird

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 16 Oct 2022

eBird

Kranji Marsh

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 13 Nov 2022

eBird

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 27 Jan 2023

eBird

Upper Seletar Reservoir Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Kent Ridge Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Blue-rumped Parrot Psittinus cyanurus (species writeup) Show 2 records

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 01 Oct 2022

eBird

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 05 Oct 2022

eBird

Black-and-red Broadbill Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 17 Apr 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

Black-and-red Broadbill at Pulau Ubin on 25 Apr 2023. Photo credit: Herman Phua

Hooded Pitta Pitta sordida (species writeup) Show 1 record

Oriole

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Black-winged Flycatcher-shrike Hemipus hirundinaceus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 14 Jan 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

Mangrove Whistler Pachycephala cinerea (species writeup) Show 1 record

Berlayer Creek Boardwalk

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 27 Feb 2023

eBird

Crow-billed Drongo Dicrurus annectens (species writeup) Show 3 records

Singapore Botanic Gardens–Learning Forest and Swan Lake

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 13 Oct 2022

eBird

Tuas South (Tuas South Avenue 16 and surrounds)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

CBP Canal

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Japanese Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone atrocaudata (species writeup) Show 3 records

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 2 individuals

eBird
(not a complete list)

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Berlayer Creek Boardwalk

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Cinereous Bulbul Hemixos cinereus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 8 individuals

eBird
(not a complete list)

Dark-sided Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica (species writeup) Show 1 record

Thomson Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Green-backed Flycatcher Ficedula elisae (species writeup) Show 1 record

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 23 Dec 2022

eBird

Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki (species writeup) Show 3 records

Tuas South (Tuas South Avenue 16 and surrounds)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 2 individuals

eBird

Labrador Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Lesser Green Leafbird Chloropsis cyanopogon (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 22 Apr 2023

RC decision: Accepted

SBP (subrecords)

eBird
(not a complete list)

Lesser Green Leafbird at Pulau Ubin on 22 Apr 2023. Photo credit: Lee Chien Nien

Rarity records still under review

Cinnamon-headed Green Pigeon Treron fulvicollis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 22 Apr 2023

Record under review

eBird

Singapore’s first wild White-crowned Hornbill

In November 2022, word of a Black-headed Ibis at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve was spreading through birding circles like wildfire. Over six months later, we have another species previously recorded as an escapee, this time seen at Chek Jawa – the White-crowned Hornbill Berenicornis comatus. Kiri Zhang’s quick alert meant many were able to rush down and see the bird the same day, and despite some disappointing days when it wasn’t sighted, the bird seems to be still wandering around Chek Jawa today. 

Our Records Committee’s deliberations led us to the unanimous conclusion that this was likely a wild bird, although this was by no means a straightforward decision.

The identification was never in doubt. The entirely white tail and white crown rule out all other hornbill species in the region. The bigger question then – is it more likely to be a wild bird, a genuine visitor from Malaysia, or an escapee from someone’s collection? The RC’s discussions centred around a few issues which are summarized below.

Where does this species occur usually?

This is a typical Sundaic species, ranging from the forests of Kaeng Krachan in Phetchaburi, Thailand, to Johor. It also occurs in Sumatra and Borneo although we could not find any records from the Riau Archipelago in Indonesia. David Wells does not list this species from Johor in his 1999 book, although there are several recent observations at both Panti and Lenggor – the linked checklists are just a few of several on eBird.

eBird range map for White-crowned Hornbill. Here is a link to the map if it does not load immediately.

How regularly does this bird occur in the pet trade?

Hornbills appear in the wildlife trade mainly for their casques but are occasionally kept as pets as well. The White-crowned Hornbill is not well-represented in TRAFFIC surveys. It’s highly possible, though, that the species occurs infrequently in the regional pet trade. But its mere presence in the pet trade does not provide a strong case for why this particular bird must be escaped – one search of Shopee in Indonesia reveals that you can find and buy nearly anything in a cage these days. Our committee always aims to objectively weigh the relative likelihoods when dealing with these records, and while frequent occurrence in the pet trade is a red flag, there is no evidence that this species is recorded particularly often in captivity.

So, does the location matter?

Chek Jawa is currently seeing its second influx of Sundaic visitors in two years. Last year, we had a Large Woodshrike, Ruby-cheeked Sunbirds, Scarlet-breasted Flowerpecker, and best of all, two Black-and-white Bulbuls visiting the same trees frequented by the hornbill. The location is developing a reputation for attracting these wandering birds, and looking at a map it’s not hard to see why; it could be deforestation in Johor, just natural dispersal, or a combination of the two, driving them southwards in search of new habitats, and Chek Jawa would be one of the first places they land on.

The location also means that a bird which escaped from captivity on the main island would need to cover some distance and make a sea crossing in order to reach Chek Jawa in the first place. This strengthens the argument for this bird being a wild bird. 

What about the bird’s physical condition?

Nothing about the bird’s appearance suggests it has origins in captivity. The bird is not ringed, its bare parts show no signs of unnatural wear, and the feathers are in near-perfect condition; the tail feathers are perhaps very slightly tattered, but this is quite normal for any wild bird. Like all the other points, though, this in itself does not really prove anything, as a well-kept captive bird could theoretically be in good condition too. So this fact again merely lends a bit more credence to the argument that this bird was always wild.

White-crowned Hornbill at Chek Jawa (Photo credits: top, Goh Cheng Teng, bottom, Raghav Narayanswamy). The tail feathers show some wear, but nothing particularly abnormal.

What about all the other past hornbill records which have been treated as escapees?

This is really a very good question, and one we don’t know the answer to. Before this White-crowned Hornbill, Singapore has actually had several records of hornbills which have been classified as escapees.

The repeated Rhinoceros Hornbill sightings between 2004 and 2009 were accompanied by a Great Hornbill, and both birds spent several years in the Eng Neo area. Black Hornbills – at one point up to six birds, including immatures – were recorded between 1986 and 2003, mostly near the Upper Seletar/Nee Soon area. And of course, the White-crowned Hornbill was itself recorded previously, at the Singapore Botanic Gardens in 1987

In fact, several RC members have expressed doubts over the rather liberal application of the escapee tag for many historical records – and it’s not just restricted to hornbills. A few examples of past records the RC has previously re-evaluated and finally added into the checklist include the Velvet-fronted Nuthatch, Crimson-winged Woodpecker, Orange-breasted Green Pigeon, and even Pied Kingfisher. These were generally contemporaneously treated by past records-keepers as being escapees, although they share similarities with many of the birds we consider today to be genuinely wild dispersing birds. 

Last year, as a committee, we considered the Great Hornbill record from the Bukit Timah area in 2016 and 2017 and voted by a 6-2 margin to treat the record as an escapee instead of a wild bird. Part of that could be due to the species’s ecology and perhaps higher prevalence in the pet trade – see the record page for more information – but it also may be due to some degree of wariness to apply our Chek Jawa-tinted lenses of today to the past, where details of several records are rather sparse or provide few indications of why birds were considered escapees in the first place. If there were good reasons, we may indeed never know. And so while we have reviewed some past records, we felt those cases were more clear-cut inclusions in the checklist with especially strong claims for wild provenance. 

With this, the White-crowned Hornbill is now the 429th species on the Singapore Bird List. If you haven’t gotten your tick yet, maybe this is the motivation you need to go down and see this new visitor to our shores!

References

Chan, Y. M., Chan, M., & Wee, Y. C. (2008). Aberrant behaviour of a female Great Hornbill and a female Rhinoceros Hornbill. Nature in Singapore, 1, 31–34. Link

Wells, D. (1999). Birds of Thai-Malay Peninsula. Academic Press.

The discovery of the White-crowned Hornbill in Singapore

By Shubo (Kiri) Zhang

On this azure planet, there are roughly over ten thousand species of birds that inhabit various corners of the seven continents and five oceans. Some soar in the blue sky, some hop in the forest, some feed in the water, and some live with humans. The diverse range of birds constitutes a part of the diversity of the ecosystem, and observing and recording their appearance, calls, and behavior is an essential aspect of the bird-studying, resulting in the bird field guides. The pleasure of birdwatching and collecting Pokédex share a similar sentiment, and I have hence become an avid birdwatching enthusiast.

During the farewell lunch for my birder friend Frank who was about to return home, I happened to learn about the appearance of the Black-winged Flycatcher-Shrike in the Chek Jawa Wetlands, Pulau Ubin. This is a small bird widely distributed in various Southeast Asian countries, but it is very rare in Singapore and only appears occasionally during certain months each year. Among the birding friends present, only Jinchi and I had not seen the Black-winged Flycatcher-Shrike yet, and we decided to seize this rare opportunity and head to the Chek Jawa Wetlands the next day to search for this elusive little fellow.

As of 16 April 2023, there were only two species of hornbills in the Singapore bird list: the Oriental Pied Hornbill and the Black Hornbill. The Oriental Pied Hornbill is widely distributed throughout the whole Singapore, but only one female Black Hornbill is on Pulau Ubin. Therefore, besides the Black-winged Flycatcher-Shrike, the Black Hornbill was also one of my target birds on Pulau Ubin.

The next morning, the weather map showed a large dark cloud moving along the southwest to northeast direction, which coincided with our route to the jetty. If this cloud drifted over Pulau Ubin, our plans would be ruined! We boarded the car with anxious hearts, racing alternately with the dark cloud, and the scenery outside the car was constantly changing between rain and sunshine. Luckily, the dark cloud passed by the edge of Pulau Ubin and continued to drift northeast, and we finally arrived at Chek Jawa Wetlands unimpeded.

The heavy rain did not fall on this tranquil island, and everything in the wetland seemed to just be waking up. We walked along the boardwalk by the sea, the gentle sunlight shimmering on the rippling sea, and the soft sea breeze caressing our drowsy faces. Suddenly, I faintly sensed some movement in the trees on the opposite shore – such a big movement, there might be something interesting! The sleepiness left my mind immediately, and I observed between the leaves carefully with my binoculars, seeing a huge bird jumping up and down in the tree. Although I could vaguely see its black body, white tail, and some blue, it was almost certainly a Black Hornbill based on its size – because there are no other such large forest birds on the island. Unfortunately, the cover of branches and leaves was too heavy, and it was impossible to take a complete photo of the bird with the camera. I still couldn’t confirm if it was the Black Hornbill. Therefore, I continued to patiently wait on the boardwalk, hoping to see the moment when it revealed itself.

The first photograph of White-crowned Hornbill inside the tree which is almost unidentifiable.

As the saying goes, “Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.” After more than ten minutes, it finally flew out and landed in a wide-open branch within our line of sight – a complete and clear photo could now be taken! It had a white crest, blue face, and pure white tail feathers, none of which matched the characteristics of the Black Hornbill. At that moment, several other birders happened to pass by, and one of them quickly found a bird guide containing all the Hornbills. After comparing them one by one, we believed it was a female White-crowned Hornbill – the first recorded sighting of this bird in Singapore! I couldn’t contain my joy and immediately shared the news with my friends, who were also very surprised and quickly rushed over.

The White-crowned Hornbill stood on an open branch, which is the first identifiable photograph that allows for a definitive identification of the species.
The White-crowned Hornbill flew out from the trees.

The joy of discovering the White-crowned Hornbill almost made us forget our original goal for today – we had not yet found the Black-winged Flycatcher-Shrike! Adrian Silas Tay, the birder who had also discovered the bird here yesterday, came back again because of the White-crowned Hornbill. He quickly found the inconspicuous little bird with his sharp hearing, and we successfully added it to our bird list.

The experience I had on Pulau Ubin has left a profound impact on me. If no one had shared the information about the Black-winged Flycatcher-Shrike, we would not have come to Pulau Ubin. If I had not been so persistent in my search for the Black Hornbill, I could not have discovered the White-crowned Hornbill. And if we had not shared information timely, we might not have been able to find the Black-winged Flycatcher-Shrike in the end. All of these coincidences unfolded like a dream, with each piece fitting together perfectly, yet they happened to me in a very real and tangible way. I deeply felt the warmth of the birding community. Here, bold exploration brings about new discoveries and actively sharing yields greater assistance.

Finally, I would like to thank Loong Fah Cheong and Xiaoxuan (Matilda) Yan, who helped me to identify the White-crowned Hornbill on-site. And I would like to express the sincerest gratitude to who have provided guidance, encouragement, and company in my birdwatching life: Bear Jia, Frank Chen, Jinchi Han, Jen Wei Yip, Jared Tan, Chien Nien Lee.

Monthly Roundup: Mar 2023

March is normally when migrants are starting to return north, but it wasn’t a quiet month by any stretch!

Highlights

  • An incredible record of Great Slaty Woodpecker, just the second this century – nearly 50 eBird sightings were submitted within one day!
  • Blue-and-white Flycatcher at two locations
  • Two records of Ashy Drongo, including one of the rare nigrescens race

All records for Mar 2023 (Show all records)

Grey Nightjar Caprimulgus jotaka (species writeup) Show 1 record

CCNR–Jelutong Tower

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 19 Feb 2023

eBird

Grey Nightjar at Jelutong Tower on 17 Mar 2023. Photo credit: Francis Yap

Chestnut-winged Cuckoo Clamator coromandus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Violet Cuckoo Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus (species writeup) Show 4 records

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 04 Sep 2022

eBird

Windsor Nature Park including Venus Drive and Venus Loop

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 04 Sep 2022

eBird

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 17 Sep 2022

eBird

Rifle Range Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Malaysian Hawk-Cuckoo Hierococcyx fugax (species writeup) Show 1 record

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 26 Feb 2023

eBird

Cinnamon-headed Green Pigeon Treron fulvicollis (species writeup) Show 1 record

NUS campus

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 22 Mar 2023

RC decision: Accepted

Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus (species writeup) Show 2 records

Marina East (Gardens by the Bay: Bay East / Marina Barrage)

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 16 Oct 2022

eBird

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 04 Jan 2023

eBird
(not a complete list)

Baillon’s Crake Zapornia pusilla (species writeup) Show 1 record

Marina East Drive, Singapore, SG (1.289, 103.878)

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 13 Feb 2023

eBird

Watercock Gallicrex cinerea (species writeup) Show 2 records

Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Marina east Dr

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator (species writeup) Show 1 record

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 01 Sep 2022

eBird

Grey-headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Marina East Drive

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 11 Mar 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

White-faced Plover Charadrius dealbatus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Marina East (Gardens by the Bay: Bay East / Marina Barrage)

Highest count: 4 individuals

Earlier record on 24 Sep 2022

eBird
(not a complete list)

Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird
(not a complete list)

Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 9 individuals

Earlier record on 08 Nov 2022

eBird

Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 01 Sep 2022

eBird

Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis (species writeup) Show 3 records

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Seletar Dam (Yishun Dam)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 8 individuals

Earlier record on 01 Sep 2022

eBird

Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster (species writeup) Show 3 records

Singapore Quarry at Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 19 Nov 2022

eBird

Hindhede Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 01 Dec 2022

eBird

Pulau Ubin

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 28 Jan 2023

eBird

Von Schrenck’s Bittern Ixobrychus eurhythmus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis (species writeup) Show 2 records

Marina East (Gardens by the Bay: Bay East / Marina Barrage)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Malayan Night Heron Gorsachius melanolophus (species writeup) Show 1 record

National University Singapore including National University Hospital

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird
(not a complete list)

Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii (species writeup) Show 2 records

Dover Road (former Transview Golf Course)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Holland Green Linear Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird
(not a complete list)

Indian Pond Heron at Holland Green on 27 Mar 2023. Photo credit: Lee Chien Nien

Javan Pond Heron Ardeola speciosa (species writeup) Show 3 records

Bishan Ang Mo Kio Park

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 23 Feb 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

Pasir Ris Farmway 1

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 18 Mar 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird

Marina East (Gardens by the Bay: Bay East / Marina Barrage)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Chinese Egret Egretta eulophotes (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Jerdon’s Baza Aviceda jerdoni (species writeup) Show 1 record

Coney Island (Serangoon Island)

Highest count: 4 individuals

eBird

Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela (species writeup) Show 2 records

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Goldhill Ave / Malcolm Road: forest patch

Highest count: 2 individuals

eBird

Grey-faced Buzzard Butastur indicus (species writeup) Show 2 records

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 7 individuals

eBird

Singapore Quarry at Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Eastern Buzzard Buteo japonicus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Mt. Faber

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 26 Mar 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird

Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher Ceyx erithaca (species writeup) Show 1 record

Windsor Nature Park including Venus Drive and Venus Loop

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 09 Oct 2022

eBird

Great Slaty Woodpecker Mulleripicus pulverulentus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Singapore Botanic Garden

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 12 Mar 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

Great Slaty Woodpecker at Singapore Botanic Garden on 12 Mar 2023. Photo credit: Kwong Marcus Alaric

Blue-rumped Parrot Psittinus cyanurus (species writeup) Show 3 records

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 4 individuals

Earlier record on 04 Sep 2022

eBird

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 17 Sep 2022

eBird

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 6 individuals

Earlier record on 05 Oct 2022

eBird

Hooded Pitta Pitta sordida (species writeup) Show 2 records

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 27 Feb 2023

eBird
(not a complete list)

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Mangrove Whistler Pachycephala cinerea (species writeup) Show 1 record

Berlayer Creek boardwalk

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 27 Feb 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus (species writeup) Show 2 records

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 06 Mar 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

Mount Faber Carpark B

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 18 Mar 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird

Black-headed Bulbul Brachypodius melanocephalos (species writeup) Show 1 record

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 29 Jan 2023

eBird
(not a complete list)

Orange-headed Thrush Geokichla citrina (species writeup) Show 1 record

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 27 Feb 2023

eBird
(not a complete list)

Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Dark-sided Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica (species writeup) Show 3 records

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 31 Oct 2022

eBird
(not a complete list)

Mount Faber Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Petai Trail, MacRitchie

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Blue-and-white Flycatcher Cyanoptila cyanomelana (species writeup) Show 2 records

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 05 Mar 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

Pasir Ris Park

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 20 Mar 2023

RC decision: Accepted

Blue-and-white Flycatcher at Pasir Ris Park on 20 Mar 2023. Photo credit: William Chong

Green-backed Flycatcher Ficedula elisae (species writeup) Show 2 records

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 23 Dec 2022

eBird

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 18 Feb 2023

eBird
(not a complete list)

Green-backed Flycatcher at Dairy Farm Nature Park on 21 Apr 2023. Photo credit: Keita Sin

Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki (species writeup) Show 2 records

Block 46 Owen Rd (1.3151,103.8510)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Pasir Ris Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Forest Wagtail Dendronanthus indicus (species writeup) Show 1 record

CCNR–Jelutong Tower

Highest count: 2 individuals

eBird

Rarity records still under review

Northern Boobook Ninox japonica (species writeup) Show 1 record

Republic Polytechnic

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 28 Mar 2023

Record under review

Northern Boobook at Republic Polytechnic on 28 Mar 2023. Photo credit: Roy Wong

Monthly Roundup: Feb 2023

A relatively quiet February 2023, with the highlight being a Grey-headed Lapwing at Holland Plain.

Highlights

  • The ninth confirmed record of Grey-headed Lapwing for Singapore on the 27th
  • An exceptional record of nine Oriental Darters at Pulau Ubin on the 25th
  • Continuing records of a confiding Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher at Windsor Nature Park
  • The scarce Baillon’s Crake, reported at Marina East Drive

All records for Feb 2023 (Show all records)

Grey Nightjar Caprimulgus jotaka (species writeup) Show 2 records

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Thomson Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Chestnut-winged Cuckoo Clamator coromandus (species writeup) Show 4 records

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, Lim Chu Kang SG-Singapore 1.44558, 103.72981

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 21 Jan 2023

eBird

Punggol Promenade Nature Walk

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Thomson Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Rifle Range Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Violet Cuckoo Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 06 Aug 2022

eBird

Large Hawk-Cuckoo Hierococcyx sparverioides (species writeup) Show 3 records

Hindhede Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Admiralty Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 07 Jan 2023

eBird
(not a complete list)

Large Hawk-Cuckoo at Jurong Lake Garden on 13 Feb 2023. Photo credit: Jared Tan

Malaysian Hawk-Cuckoo Hierococcyx fugax (species writeup) Show 1 record

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Hodgson’s Hawk-Cuckoo Hierococcyx nisicolor (species writeup) Show 1 record

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Lim Chu Kang Ln3

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 04 Feb 2023

RC decision: Accepted/Escapee

Jambu Fruit Dove Ptilinopus jambu (species writeup) Show 2 records

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 15 Jan 2023

eBird

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 26 Jan 2023

eBird

Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus (species writeup) Show 2 records

Marina East (Gardens by the Bay: Bay East / Marina Barrage)

Highest count: 3 individuals

Earlier record on 16 Oct 2022

eBird
(not a complete list)

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 04 Jan 2023

eBird

Baillon’s Crake Zapornia pusilla (species writeup) Show 1 record

Marina East (Gardens by the Bay: Bay East / Marina Barrage)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Watercock Gallicrex cinerea (species writeup) Show 2 records

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird
(not a complete list)

Marina East (Gardens by the Bay: Bay East / Marina Barrage)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pasir Ris Farmway 1

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 05 Jan 2023

eBird

Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator (species writeup) Show 1 record

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 07 Aug 2022

eBird

Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus (species writeup) Show 1 record

6 Pasir Ris Farmway 1, Singapore, SG (1.388, 103.933)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Grey-headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Holland Plain

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 27 Feb 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird

Grey-headed Lapwing at Holland Plain on 27 Feb 2023. Photo credit: Jared Tan

White-faced Plover Charadrius dealbatus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Marina East Drive

Highest count: 2 individuals

First recorded 04 Feb 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

White-faced Plover at Marina East Drive on 04 Feb 2023. Photo credit: Leong Zhen Yan

Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 19 Jan 2023

eBird

Bar-tailed Godwit with traces of breeding plumage at Chek Jawa on 18 Feb 2023. Photo credit: Lee Chien Nien

Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 9 individuals

Earlier record on 08 Nov 2022

eBird

Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 8 individuals

Earlier record on 08 Nov 2022

eBird

Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus (species writeup) Show 2 records

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 19 Jan 2023

eBird

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 3 individuals

eBird

Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 5 individuals

Earlier record on 06 Aug 2022

eBird

Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster (species writeup) Show 3 records

Hindhede Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 30 Jan 2023

eBird
(not a complete list)

James Cook University Singapore Campus

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Pulau Ubin

Highest count: 9 individuals

eBird

Von Schrenck’s Bittern Ixobrychus eurhythmus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Thomson Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Javan Pond Heron Ardeola speciosa (species writeup) Show 2 records

Bishan Ang Mo Kio Park

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 23 Feb 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird

Marina east drive

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 23 Jan 2023

eBird

Jerdon’s Baza Aviceda jerdoni (species writeup) Show 2 records

Punggol Promenade Nature Walk

Highest count: 2 individuals

eBird

Pasir Ris Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela (species writeup) Show 2 records

Pulau Tekong (restricted access)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Oriental Scops Owl Otus sunia (species writeup) Show 1 record

Windsor Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 04 Feb 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird

A very dazed Oriental Scops Owl at Windsor Nature Park on 04 Feb 2023. Photo credit: Lim Qian Xun

Barred Eagle-Owl Ketupa sumatrana (species writeup) Show 1 record

Rifle Range Link

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Black-capped Kingfisher Halcyon pileata (species writeup) Show 3 records

6 Pasir Ris Farmway 1, Singapore, SG (1.388, 103.933)

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 06 Jan 2023

eBird

Lim Chu Kang Lane 3

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 17 Jan 2023

eBird

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Blue-eared Kingfisher Alcedo meninting (species writeup) Show 3 records

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 01 Aug 2022

eBird

Kranji Marsh

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 07 Aug 2022

eBird

Windsor Nature Park including Venus Drive and Venus Loop

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 28 Aug 2022

eBird

Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher Ceyx erithaca (species writeup) Show 1 record

Windsor Nature Park including Venus Drive and Venus Loop

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 09 Oct 2022

eBird
(not a complete list)

Blue-rumped Parrot Psittinus cyanurus (species writeup) Show 2 records

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 09 Aug 2022

eBird

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 3 individuals

Earlier record on 15 Aug 2022

eBird

Black-and-red Broadbill Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos (species writeup) Show 1 record

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 15 May 2022

RC decision: Accepted

Black-and-red Broadbill at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve on 25 Feb 2023. Photo credit: Adrian Silas Tay

Hooded Pitta Pitta sordida (species writeup) Show 2 records

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Mangrove Whistler Pachycephala cinerea (species writeup) Show 1 record

Berlayer Creek Boardwalk

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus (species writeup) Show 3 records

Gardens by the Bay

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 16 Jan 2023

eBird

Bukit Timah Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Ang Mo Kio Town Garden West

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Sakhalin Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus borealoides (species writeup) Show 1 record

Petai Trail, MacRitchie

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata (species writeup) Show 2 records

Kent Ridge Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 15 Jan 2023

eBird
(not a complete list)

NUS High Boarding School

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Orange-headed Thrush Geokichla citrina (species writeup) Show 1 record

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Brown-streaked Flycatcher Muscicapa williamsoni (species writeup) Show 1 record

Bukit Timah Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Green-backed Flycatcher Ficedula elisae (species writeup) Show 2 records

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird
(not a complete list)

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 2 individuals

eBird

Forest Wagtail Dendronanthus indicus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 14 Jan 2023

eBird

Monthly Roundup: Jan 2023

The New Year started off with a group of four stilts at Marina East Drive – unfortunately, all turned out to be Black-winged in the end. Apart from that, the usual suspects kept us busy through the month, along with some rarities.

Highlights

  • Green Sandpiper reported again at Lim Chu Kang Lane 3, possibly the same one that was first seen in Jan 2020 and again in early 2021
  • A well-photographed Hooded Pitta at Jurong East Street 21
  • A Lanceolated Warbler provided surprisingly good views this month at Kent Ridge Park, the same place where one has been seen in past years
  • A successful breeding record of Common Moorhen

All records for Jan 2023 (Show all records)

Grey Nightjar Caprimulgus jotaka (species writeup) Show 2 records

Dempsey Hill

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 26 Dec 2022

eBird
(not a complete list)

49 Richards Avenue, Singapore, SG (1.363, 103.881)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Chestnut-winged Cuckoo Clamator coromandus (species writeup) Show 5 records

MacRitchie Reservoir Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 31 Dec 2022

eBird

CBP Canal

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Lim Chu Kang Lane 3

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Rifle Range Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Violet Cuckoo Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 16 Jul 2022

eBird

Large Hawk-Cuckoo Hierococcyx sparverioides (species writeup) Show 3 records

Coney Island (Serangoon Island)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Kranji Marsh

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Hodgson’s Hawk-Cuckoo Hierococcyx nisicolor (species writeup) Show 1 record

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Cinnamon-headed Green Pigeon Treron fulvicollis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Ubin

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 23 Jan 2023

RC decision: Accepted

Jambu Fruit Dove Ptilinopus jambu (species writeup) Show 3 records

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Lornie PCN

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus (species writeup) Show 3 records

Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 26 Jan 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

Lim Chu Kang Lane 3

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 06 Dec 2022

eBird
(not a complete list)

Marina East Drive

Highest count: 5 individuals

First recorded 17 Dec 2022

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

Common Moorhen at Marina East Drive on 17 Dec 2022. Photo credit: Chen Boon Chong

Watercock Gallicrex cinerea (species writeup) Show 3 records

Neo Tiew Harvest Lane

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 04 Dec 2022

eBird

Marina East Drive

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 18 Dec 2022

eBird

Pasir Ris Farmway 1

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pasir Ris Farmway 1

Highest count: 2 individuals

eBird
(not a complete list)

Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator (species writeup) Show 1 record

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 09 Jul 2022

eBird

Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Marina East Drive

Highest count: 4 individuals

First recorded 01 Jan 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

White-faced Plover Charadrius dealbatus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Marina East Drive

Highest count: 4 individuals

First recorded 30 Sep 2022

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird
(not a complete list)

Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 8 individuals

Earlier record on 08 Nov 2022

eBird

Broad-billed Sandpiper Calidris falcinellus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 4 individuals

Earlier record on 23 Dec 2022

eBird

Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 2 individuals

eBird

Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin

Highest count: 40 individuals

eBird
(not a complete list)

Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus (species writeup) Show 2 records

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 20 Dec 2022

eBird

Pulau Ubin

Highest count: 3 individuals

eBird

Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Monsoon Drain at Lim Chu Kang Lane 3

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 04 Jan 2023

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

Green Sandpiper at Monsoon Drain at Lim Chu Kang Lane 3 on 04 Jan 2023. Photo credit: Vincent Ng

Lesser Crested Tern Thalasseus bengalensis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 4 individuals

eBird

Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus (species writeup) Show 2 records

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 10 individuals

Earlier record on 14 Jul 2022

eBird
(not a complete list)

Lim Chu Kang Lane 3

Highest count: 18 individuals

Earlier record on 16 Jul 2022

eBird

Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster (species writeup) Show 4 records

Pasir Ris

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 20 Dec 2022

eBird

Hindhede Nature Park

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 30 Dec 2022

eBird
(not a complete list)

Pulau Ubin

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Singapore Quarry

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Von Schrenck’s Bittern Ixobrychus eurhythmus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Windsor Nature Park including Venus Drive and Venus Loop

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Marina East (Gardens by the Bay: Bay East / Marina Barrage)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Javan Pond Heron Ardeola speciosa (species writeup) Show 1 record

Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Chinese Egret Egretta eulophotes (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 25 Nov 2022

eBird

Jerdon’s Baza Aviceda jerdoni (species writeup) Show 2 records

Coney Island (Serangoon Island)

Highest count: 3 individuals

Earlier record on 12 Dec 2022

eBird
(not a complete list)

Pasir Ris Farmway 1

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 26 Dec 2022

eBird

Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela (species writeup) Show 4 records

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 12 Nov 2022

eBird

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Telok Blangah Hill Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Pulau Ubin

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Black-capped Kingfisher Halcyon pileata (species writeup) Show 2 records

Lim Chu Kang Lane 3

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird
(not a complete list)

Pasir Ris Farmway 1

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird
(not a complete list)

Black-capped Kingfisher at Pasir Ris Farmway 1 on 13 Jan 2023. Photo credit: Francis Yap

Blue-eared Kingfisher Alcedo meninting (species writeup) Show 3 records

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 01 Jul 2022

eBird

Windsor Nature Park including Venus Drive and Venus Loop

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 08 Jul 2022

eBird

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher Ceyx erithaca (species writeup) Show 2 records

Windsor Nature Park including Venus Drive and Venus Loop

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 09 Oct 2022

eBird

Ethnobotany Garden

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 26 Dec 2022

eBird

Blue-rumped Parrot Psittinus cyanurus (species writeup) Show 3 records

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 6 individuals

Earlier record on 03 Jul 2022

eBird

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 3 individuals

Earlier record on 15 Aug 2022

eBird

Upper Seletar Reservoir Park (USRP) inc. Mandai Road Track 7 / Nee Soon Swamp Forest

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 29 Dec 2022

eBird

Hooded Pitta Pitta sordida (species writeup) Show 2 records

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve – East inc. Kranji Nature Trail

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

287A Jurong East Street 21, Singapore, SG (1.339, 103.744)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird
(not a complete list)

Hooded Pitta at Jurong East on 10 Jan 2023. Photo credit: Francis Yap

Black-winged Flycatcher-shrike Hemipus hirundinaceus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin Chek Jawa

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 14 Jan 2023

RC decision: Accepted

Mangrove Whistler Pachycephala cinerea (species writeup) Show 1 record

Berlayer Creek Boardwalk

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 03 Dec 2022

eBird

Japanese Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone atrocaudata (species writeup) Show 1 record

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Black-headed Bulbul Brachypodius melanocephalos (species writeup) Show 1 record

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Sand Martin Riparia riparia (species writeup) Show 1 record

Neo Tiew Road

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 03 Dec 2022

RC decision: Accepted

eBird

Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus (species writeup) Show 6 records

Hindhede Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Satay by the Bay

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Changi Beach Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Hindhede Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

eBird

Pasir Ris Park

eBird

Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata (species writeup) Show 1 record

Kent Ridge Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird
(not a complete list)

Lanceolated Warbler at Kent Ridge Park on 18 Jan 2023. Photo credit: Jared Tan

Red-billed Starling Spodiopsar sericeus (species writeup) Show 1 record

75a Loewen Road, Singapore, SG (1.302, 103.812)

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 26 Dec 2022

eBird
(not a complete list)

White-shouldered Starling Sturnia sinensis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Seletar Aerospace Crescent

Highest count: 8 individuals

Earlier record on 04 Dec 2022

eBird

Siberian Thrush Geokichla sibirica (species writeup) Show 1 record

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 15 Oct 2022

eBird

Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 20 Nov 2022

eBird

Dark-sided Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica (species writeup) Show 3 records

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 31 Oct 2022

eBird

West Coast Park: east

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Brown-streaked Flycatcher Muscicapa williamsoni (species writeup) Show 2 records

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Nanyang Technological University including National Institute of Education

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Green-backed Flycatcher Ficedula elisae (species writeup) Show 2 records

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 23 Dec 2022

eBird

Windsor Nature Park including Venus Drive and Venus Loop

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki (species writeup) Show 2 records

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 06 Nov 2022

eBird

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius (species writeup) Show 2 records

CapitaGreen

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 31 Jan 2023

RC decision: Accepted

SkyOasis @ Dawson

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 28 Dec 2022

eBird

White-rumped Munia Lonchura striata (species writeup) Show 1 record

Telok Blangah Hill Park

Highest count: 4 individuals

Earlier record on 07 Jul 2022

eBird

Forest Wagtail Dendronanthus indicus (species writeup) Show 2 records

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Yishun Street 11, Block 153

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Rarity records still under review

Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Rower’s Bay Park

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 08 Jan 2023

Record under review

Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Gan Eng Seng Primary School

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 20 Jan 2023

Record under review

Checklist Revision for February 2023

Prepared by the Singapore Bird Records Committee

The latest update of our checklist, version 2023-1, has been published. It can be accessed at our Downloads page.


Since our last checklist update in August 2022, the Records Committee has considered and voted on over 180 records of rare and scarce birds in Singapore. We would like to thank all the observers who submitted their records, and these votes are published on our Recent Decisions page with our Live Checklist tracking additions and deletions to the checklist on a live basis.

Our “Rarities List” was renamed, as the term Review List more effectively encompasses the full list of species that we track records for; several species on our Review List might not fit the description of ‘rare’. For more information on the workings of the Records Committee, please refer to our simplified operating guidelines which have been published on our About page.

Over 500 historical records have also been compiled by our team and added since August, and nearly all species on our Review List now have records compiled in our database. 

This article includes the updates to our checklist since our last revision. Our checklist is based on the International Ornithological Committee (IOC) taxonomy, the latest version being IOC 13.1 – released this month. The checklist also contains national conservation statuses from the newly-released Red Data Book 3.

This edition of the checklist is version 2023-1, and can be downloaded at our Downloads page. Note that this downloadable checklist is a “snapshot” of the checklist as of February 2023, and may differ from our live checklists available on this site and our Records Committee site. For example, you may have noticed the below additions to the checklist already appearing on our live checklists by late last year – when they were finalised by our Records Committee – even though they are only reflected in our downloadable checklist in this official update.

There are now 428 species in the Singapore Bird Checklist with the changes in this revision.

Added to checklist

Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus [Record 10358]: One bird at Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve in early Nov 2022 placed this species in Category A. Our recent article discusses the committee’s rationale for unanimously accepting this record as a wild bird.

Brown-breasted Flycatcher Muscicapa muttui [Record 10347]: A single record at Dairy Farm Nature Park on 30th October.

Removed from checklist

Buff-vented Bulbul Iole crypta is removed from the checklist as the last accepted record was in Oct 1992, exceeding the 30-year cutoff for native birds to be included in Category A. Subsequent records after 1992 have not been accepted.

Other minor changes

Barred Eagle Owl moves from Bubo to Ketupa, so its scientific name goes from Bubo sumatranus to Ketupa sumatrana.

A Student’s Big Year

By Kaeden Sim

Twitching and dipping, words I have never heard before. Now, during my Big Year (a personal challenge to see as many species of birds as possible in one calendar year), I would never be more familiar with those two words.

I remember seeing Jen Wei’s Facebook post summarising his epic 2021 Big Year, and being mesmerised by the sheer number of mega rarities all compiled in one photo and to think that they were all seen in a span of one year by one person! It was especially awe-inspiring to personally witness Jen Wei twitching the Yellow-vented Flowerpecker at Bukit Timah summit.

With major exams and other school commitments set to gradually build up over the next few years, I decided that Secondary 1 was a relatively free year to take on the monumental, time-consuming mission of a big year. Nonetheless, the life of a student is still crammed with school related activities, leaving me with much limited time for recreation. Birding only on weekends and holidays practically shortened my ‘big year’ to less than half a year. Every hour spent off the field was truly nerve-wracking – whenever I checked my phone after school, I would be distraught to see reports of rarities, praying that the bird would stay a week for me to twitch. That being said, even if it was challenging, that was what made it so fun.

In the course of the year, among all the lucky finds and successful twitches, two birding encounters made a particularly special impression on me.

It was 18th September and based on trends from data on eBird and SBP, Forest Wagtails would have started passing through Singapore en route to their wintering grounds. However, none were reported recently from the famous wagtail roost at Yishun. An encounter with this elusive bird on Rifle Range Link would otherwise necessitate an ankle-breaking hike at the crack of dawn. Taking a gamble of luck, I decided to head down to Yishun. The wagtails would usually fly in to roost at 6:15, leaving me with 45 minutes to search for the Forest Wagtail before nightfall. I climbed every block, checking each palm tree meticulously. Half an hour passed, and my determination was fading as I routinely scanned through hundreds of commoner Grey Wagtails. At that moment, just as my patience was wearing thin, I noticed a bird that was significantly different. An olive-green and white wagtail with a contrasting triangular black bib on its breast – a Forest Wagtail! Words cannot describe the satisfaction of finding the needle in a haystack, something special hidden within the common birds.

As the year drew to an end, it was naturally becoming increasingly hard to obtain new year birds. Since June, I had been trying sporadically to find the supposed resident pair of Cinnamon-headed Green Pigeons on the west end of Pulau Ubin. Pulau Ubin was one of the most rewarding sites for my year list, with many dispersants and visitors appearing on this small but significant island between Malaysia and main island of Singapore, but yet one of the least accessible and out of the way. Birding at Ubin was always an arduous and tiring task, not to mention the need to pay for a bumboat ride to and from the island, and a taxi to take us to opposite ends of the vast nature sanctuary that it is. With dreadful stories of many failed twitches of these nomadic, unpredictable pigeons, I decided not to give up on this beautiful bird yet, and returned to Ubin one last time in November before I went overseas. Thus, I arranged to bird with my friend Joshua and his brother for an entire day, in the hopes of giving my year list a final push. When we arrived at Changi Ferry Terminal, it was deserted save for two idle fishermen. Our sought-after pigeons were previously sighted in the early hours of the morning and time was of the essence. Out of desperation, my mother decided to pay an extra fee so we could fill the boat and leave early. As the boat set sail, we were off to a good start, having spotted an unexpected Lesser Crested Tern from the boat, trailing a flock of Greater Crested Terns along the coastline at the break of dawn. Stepping foot onto the sleepy island, rain clouds gathered ominously, and we reached Ubin Living Lab just before rain started to pelt down, forcing us to take shelter. We solemnly counted the passing swifts and swallows as we awaited the cessation of the rain. Little did we know, us being grounded by the passing thunderstorm would become a blessing in disguise. Out of the blue, Joshua spotted two Treron pigeons zooming past the shelter. Even before raising my binoculars, I could immediately see the distinct chestnut head and maroon wings of a male Cinnamon-headed Green Pigeon. I was melting on the floor in sheer joy. Later on in the day, we would go on to see a Broad-billed Sandpiper at Chek Jawa, my landmark 300th Singapore lifer, but yet, this pigeon, number 299, stood out to me as special, by far the most memorable experience throughout my entire big year, and it was because of my mother’s support and my friend’s help.

After this, my year list started to plateau, partly due to my travels and the shortage of rarities appearing in December. On 28th December, I found the adult male Blue Rock Thrush at the urban rooftops of The Pinnacle@Duxton – my 284th year bird and the final one of my Big Year. Including ‘plastic birds’, my year count was 300, meaning I managed to see 82.2% of all the species seen over the course of 2022.

As a student, over the course of the year, I learnt how to balance my studies with my hobby effectively. I also realised how connected the birding community is in Singapore, whenever a “star bird” is discovered, the news is always generously shared allowing all to enjoy the presence of it. I have learned so much from the community and have improved my skills significantly, not only in the field, but out of the field, with regards to identifying birds.

Another main difficulty I faced during my Big Year was deciding where to go to maximise my chances of ticking a year bird. Tools that proved to be extremely useful for my Big Year was eBird’s target species function and Singapore Birds Project’s data. eBird allows a simple and easy view of all the year birds I had yet to tick and shows the spots where they have been spotted before, by month. eBird was also very useful in being able to compile my year list and be able to track my progress easily without needing to painstakingly keep my list manually. (eBird is a community science initiative, meaning that this function only works because of the many diligent eBird users submitting their checklists and sightings so I encourage more birders to start using eBird!) Singapore Birds Project’s Singapore Bird Database and Migrant Bar Charts are phenomenal, providing up-to-date information on rarities, allowing better predictions on when and where to go to find certain target species.

I would like to thank all my birding friends especially Jamie, Qian Xun, Pluem, Samuel, Gideon and Joshua for being great company. Secondly, I want to thank Francis, Oliver, Vincent Ng, Keita, Jen Wei, Jared, Raghav and many others for the guidance in the field and amazing finds throughout the year.  Lastly I also would like to thank CN and Benjamin Lee for the advice and tips and congratulate them on their impressive Big Year counts!

However, without the support of my parents, my Big Year count would have been a far cry from what it turned out to be. As the year progressed, my appreciation for my parents grew deeper and deeper. At a moment’s notice, my parents were always ready to rush me down whenever a rarity was spotted. Accompanying me on my birding endeavours, they drove me across the entire Singapore no matter how near or how far. Whenever I was disheartened from an unsuccessful twitch or when I was bursting with pride after a great find, my parents were always there supporting me. My Big Year would not be possible without them and I am forever grateful to be able to have such a thrilling and enriching Big Year with memories that I will cherish for a lifetime.

 

 

 

Monthly Roundup: Dec 2022

A rather quiet December, but the first widely-twitched Red-billed Starling kept us busy this month.

Highlights

  • An electrifying record of Bat Hawk – just the third confirmed sighting in Singapore – was unfortunately not refound after the initial report
  • Singapore’s 5th record of Red-billed Starling

All records for Dec 2022 (Show all records)

King Quail Synoicus chinensis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Seletar End / Piccadilly

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 26 Nov 2022

eBird

Grey Nightjar Caprimulgus jotaka (species writeup) Show 6 records

Upper Seletar Reservoir Park (USRP) inc. Mandai Road Track 7 / Nee Soon Swamp Forest

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Changi Business Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Old Upper Thomson Road

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Bukit Brown Cemetery

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 3 individuals

eBird

Dempsey Hill

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird
(not a complete list)

Chestnut-winged Cuckoo Clamator coromandus (species writeup) Show 5 records

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 11 Nov 2022

eBird

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 13 Nov 2022

eBird

100 Neo Tiew Road, Singapore, SG (1.419, 103.716)

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 19 Nov 2022

eBird

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

MacRitchie Reservoir Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Violet Cuckoo Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus (species writeup) Show 4 records

Bukit Timah Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 01 Jun 2022

eBird

Rifle Range Link

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 06 Aug 2022

eBird

Windsor Nature Park including Venus Drive and Venus Loop

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 04 Sep 2022

eBird

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 25 Nov 2022

eBird

Large Hawk-Cuckoo Hierococcyx sparverioides (species writeup) Show 1 record

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Malaysian Hawk-Cuckoo Hierococcyx fugax (species writeup) Show 1 record

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 20 Nov 2022

eBird

Hodgson’s Hawk-Cuckoo Hierococcyx nisicolor (species writeup) Show 2 records

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 20 Nov 2022

eBird

Coney Island (Serangoon Island)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Jambu Fruit Dove Ptilinopus jambu (species writeup) Show 2 records

Auto selected 1.34819, 103.77675

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 25 Nov 2022

eBird

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus (species writeup) Show 3 records

Marina East Drive

Highest count: 5 individuals

First recorded 17 Dec 2022

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

Lim Chu Kang Lane 3

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Lorong Halus Wetland (Reeds Area)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Slaty-legged Crake Rallina eurizonoides (species writeup) Show 1 record

Rochor River

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 18 Dec 2022

RC decision: Accepted

White-browed Crake Poliolimnas cinereus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Turut Track

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 24 Jul 2022

eBird

Watercock Gallicrex cinerea (species writeup) Show 3 records

Kranji Marsh

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Marina East (Gardens by the Bay: Bay East / Marina Barrage)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

26 Jln Membina

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Jurong Island

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator (species writeup) Show 1 record

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 02 Jun 2022

eBird

White-faced Plover Charadrius dealbatus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Marina East (Gardens by the Bay: Bay East / Marina Barrage)

Highest count: 4 individuals

Earlier record on 30 Sep 2022

eBird
(not a complete list)

Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 16 Dec 2022

RC decision: Accepted

eBird

Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 08 Nov 2022

eBird

Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 11 individuals

Earlier record on 08 Nov 2022

eBird

Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 7 individuals

Earlier record on 08 Nov 2022

eBird

Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 5 individuals

Earlier record on 08 Nov 2022

eBird

Sanderling Calidris alba (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 2 individuals

eBird

Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus (species writeup) Show 2 records

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 08 Nov 2022

eBird

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 23 Nov 2022

eBird

Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarum (species writeup) Show 2 records

Seletar End / Piccadilly

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Changi Beach Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 18 Dec 2022

RC decision: Accepted

eBird

White-winged Tern Chlidonias leucopterus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Marina East (Gardens by the Bay: Bay East / Marina Barrage)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus (species writeup) Show 2 records

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 8 individuals

Earlier record on 03 Jun 2022

eBird

Straits of Johor – Raffles Marina to Mandai Mudflats

Highest count: 15 individuals

eBird

Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster (species writeup) Show 4 records

Hindhede Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 19 Nov 2022

eBird

Pulau Ubin

Highest count: 2 individuals

eBird

pasir ris farmway 1

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Sembawang Road (Simpang Kiri vicinity)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Chinese Egret Egretta eulophotes (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pulau Ubin: Chek Jawa Wetlands

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 25 Nov 2022

eBird

Jerdon’s Baza Aviceda jerdoni (species writeup) Show 5 records

Punggol Promenade Nature Walk

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 04 Nov 2022

eBird

Changi Business Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 24 Nov 2022

eBird

Southern Ridges

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

SBG–Healing Garden

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Coney Island

Highest count: 4 individuals

eBird

Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela (species writeup) Show 2 records

SBG–Healing Garden

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 12 Nov 2022

eBird

Neo Tiew Harvest Lane

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Bat Hawk Macheiramphus alcinus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Neo Tiew Rd

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 03 Dec 2022

RC decision: Accepted

Bat Hawk at Neo Tiew Rd on 03 Dec 2022. Photo credit: Hou Boon

Barred Eagle-Owl Bubo sumatranus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Near Singapore Quarry

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Black-capped Kingfisher Halcyon pileata (species writeup) Show 1 record

Lim Chu Kang Lane 3

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 12 Nov 2022

eBird

Blue-eared Kingfisher Alcedo meninting (species writeup) Show 2 records

Hindhede Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 02 Jun 2022

eBird

Windsor Nature Park including Venus Drive and Venus Loop

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 05 Jun 2022

eBird

Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher Ceyx erithaca (species writeup) Show 2 records

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 14 Nov 2022

eBird

Windsor Nature Park including Venus Drive and Venus Loop

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Marina East Drive

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 12 Dec 2022

RC decision: Accepted

eBird
(not a complete list)

Blue-rumped Parrot Psittinus cyanurus (species writeup) Show 5 records

Rifle Range Link

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 02 Jun 2022

eBird

Windsor Nature Park including Venus Drive and Venus Loop

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 07 Jun 2022

eBird

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 16 Jul 2022

eBird

Bukit Brown Cemetery

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 15 Aug 2022

eBird

Upper Seletar Reservoir Park (USRP) inc. Mandai Road Track 7 / Nee Soon Swamp Forest

Highest count: 3 individuals

eBird

Hooded Pitta Pitta sordida (species writeup) Show 1 record

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 27 Nov 2022

eBird

Mangrove Whistler Pachycephala cinerea (species writeup) Show 1 record

Berlayer creek

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Japanese Paradise Flycatcher Terpsiphone atrocaudata (species writeup) Show 1 record

SBG–Healing Garden

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 25 Oct 2022

eBird

Sand Martin Riparia riparia (species writeup) Show 1 record

Neo Tiew Road

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 03 Dec 2022

RC decision: Accepted

SBP (subrecords)

eBird
(not a complete list)

Sand Martin at Neo Tiew on 25 Dec 2022. Photo credit: Francis Yap

Asian House Martin Delichon dasypus (species writeup) Show 2 records

Sentosa Island

Highest count: 3 individuals

eBird

Neo Tiew Harvest Lane

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Sakhalin Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus borealoides (species writeup) Show 1 record

MacRitchie Reservoir Park

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 28 Nov 2022

RC decision: Accepted

eBird

Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata (species writeup) Show 1 record

Lorong Halus Wetland (inc. Serangoon Reservoir and former ‘Serangoon’)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

White-shouldered Starling Sturnia sinensis (species writeup) Show 1 record

Rower’s Bay Park / Seletar Club Road

Highest count: 5 individuals

eBird

Rosy Starling Pastor roseus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Laguna National Golf and Country Club

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 04 Dec 2022

RC decision: Accepted

Siberian Thrush Geokichla sibirica (species writeup) Show 2 records

Bukit Timah Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 10 Dec 2022

RC decision: Accepted

eBird

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 25 Dec 2022

RC decision: Accepted

Orange-headed Thrush Geokichla citrina (species writeup) Show 1 record

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus (species writeup) Show 4 records

Bukit Timah Summit

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 20 Nov 2022

eBird

SBG–Healing Garden

Highest count: 5 individuals

Earlier record on 21 Nov 2022

eBird

Rifle Range Link

Highest count: 6 individuals

eBird

Windsor Nature Park including Venus Drive and Venus Loop

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Dark-sided Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica (species writeup) Show 3 records

St John’s Island

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Ferruginous Flycatcher Muscicapa ferruginea (species writeup) Show 2 records

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Green-backed Flycatcher Ficedula elisae (species writeup) Show 2 records

SBG–Healing Garden

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 20 Nov 2022

eBird

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 27 Nov 2022

eBird

Green-backed Flycatcher at Dairy Farm Nature Park on 28 Dec 2022. Photo credit: Francis Yap

Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki (species writeup) Show 7 records

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 20 Nov 2022

eBird
(not a complete list)

Telok Blangah Hill Park

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 23 Nov 2022

eBird

Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Highest count: 2 individuals

Earlier record on 27 Nov 2022

eBird

Windsor Nature Park including Venus Drive and Venus Loop

Highest count: 1 individual

Earlier record on 28 Nov 2022

eBird

Singapore Quarry at Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 2 individuals

eBird

Jurong Lake Gardens (inc. Chinese Garden and Japanese Garden)

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Dairy Farm Nature Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius (species writeup) Show 1 record

Strathmore Avenue

Highest count: 2 individuals

First recorded 28 Dec 2022

RC decision: Accepted

SBP (subrecords)

eBird

Forest Wagtail Dendronanthus indicus (species writeup) Show 1 record

MacRitchie Reservoir Park

Highest count: 1 individual

eBird

Rarity records still under review

Oriental Scops Owl Otus sunia (species writeup) Show 1 record

People’s Park Centre

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 08 Dec 2022

Record under review

Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Tuas South

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 25 Dec 2022

Record under review

eBird

Sakhalin Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus borealoides (species writeup) Show 1 record

Pasir Ris Park

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 10 Dec 2022

Record under review

eBird

Red-billed Starling Spodiopsar sericeus (species writeup) Show 1 record

Dempsey Hill

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 26 Dec 2022

Record under review

SBP (subrecords)

eBird
(not a complete list)

Red-billed Starling at Dempsey Hill. Photo credit: Raymond Siew

Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius (species writeup) Show 1 record

Tanjong Pagar

Highest count: 1 individual

First recorded 29 Dec 2022

Record under review

eBird

Blue Rock Thrush at Tanjong Pagar on 29 Dec 2022. Photo credit: Herman Phua